cne21th

    Nuclear Grade of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma  VS.  Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia

Subependymoma

Definition
A slowly growing, benign neoplasm, typically attached to a ventricular wall, composed of glial tumour cell clusters
embedded in an abundant fibrillary matrix with frequent microcystic change.

Grading :

Papillary hyperplasia

Seen in untreated autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves disease), congenital errors of thyroid metabolism, and hyperfunctioning foci in goitrous glands.
Toxic nodular goiter, the changes are similar but the lesion tends to be focal.

Papillary Hyperplasia in Follicular Nodule
Well-circumscribed solitary thyroid nodules may show a microscopic appearance of papillary growth.

Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Occur at any age and rarely has been diagnosed as a congenital tumor.
Most in the third and fifth decades .
Women are affected more than men in ratios of 2:1 to 4:1 .
Etiologic factors for papillary carcinoma are not well established.

 Elston and Ellis grading system

http://pathology2.jhu.edu/gleason/

Arias-Stella phenomenon

Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction.

Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy.