cne21th

Papillary hyperplasia
Seen in untreated autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves disease), congenital errors
of thyroid metabolism, and hyperfunctioning foci in goitrous glands.
Toxic nodular goiter, the changes are similar but the lesion tends to be focal.

Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Occur at any age and rarely has been diagnosed as a congenital tumor.
Most in the third and fifth decades .
Women are affected more than men in ratios of 2:1 to 4:1 .
Etiologic factors for papillary carcinoma are not well established.
External radiation probably plays a role in the development of papillary cancer.